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From 2013 to 2015, the National Institute of Health, Pakistan, received 1,270 blood samples of suspected dengue cases reported from inpatient and outpatient departments of various hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. In this study, we determined the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to understand the serotype-based epidemiology of DENV. All four serotypes (DENV-1 [6%], DENV-2 [33%], DENV-3 [47%], and DENV-4 [0.1%]) were found circulating during the study period. Our findings suggest the need for an active surveillance system coupled with the laboratory diagnosis, especially in the chronic endemic areas of the country. Public awareness programs are needed for effective control and prevention of outbreaks in the future.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue Virus/genetics , Disease Outbreaks , Pakistan/epidemiology , RNA, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , SerogroupABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection.@*METHODS@#The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and IgM antibodies detection by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1270 serum samples were tested 86% (1097/1270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64% (807/1270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52% (662/1270), 51% (646/1270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and IgM ELISA respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To high light some epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.@*METHODS@#Blood samples (n = 323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak. Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-time PCR, non structural protein-1 (NS1) antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection, 304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter; 201 samples were positive by real-time PCR, 209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies. Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 ELISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection, IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The use of real-time PCR or detection of non structural protein NS1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.
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Objective To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and IgM antibodies detection by ELISA. Results A total of 1270 serum samples were tested 86% (1097/1270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64% (807/1270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52% (662/1270), 51% (646/1270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and IgM ELISA respectively. Conclusions NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.
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Objectives: To assess the efficacy of intra-lesional triamcinolone in for the treatment of Post Herpetic Neuralgia. Study Design: Prospective interventional study. Setting: Dermatology Department of Dow University Hospital. Period: July 2014 to June 2015
Patients and Methods: Twenty nine patients with diagnosis of Post Herpetic Neuralgia were included after taking written and informed consent. An insulin syringe was used for the injections and the medicines were injected intralesionally. The mixture contained 30/70% of triamcinolone to xylocaine ratio for local infiltration in post herpetic scars. Pain relief assessment was done with the help of visual analogue scale [VAS] after two months. Mean pain score before therapy and after therapy was compared with one sample student t test
Results: Out of total 29 patients 14 were male and 15 were females. The mean age +/- SD was found to be 45.9 +/- 15.4 years. The most common region involved was Chest. The mean +/- SD duration of Symptoms was 5.58 +/- 1.80 weeks. The mean pain score before therapy was 6.86 +/- 1.66 which after one month of therapy reduced to 3.72 +/- 1.86. The reduction in pain was statistically significant [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Post Herpetic Neuralgia can be effectively treated by the local infiltration of a mixture of triamcinolone and lignocaine. It is recommended that long-term follow-up studies should be done with corticosteroids only or in combination with local anesthetics to additionally evaluate the effectiveness of such treatment in postherpetic neuralgia
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Triamcinolone , Lidocaine , Pain , Prospective Studies , Injections, IntralesionalABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperthermia in acute ischemic stroke patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in a developing country
Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Medical Wards of Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January to June 2013
Methodology: Patients aged > 18 years of either gender with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were included. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants as well as approval of ethical review committee of the institute. Axillary temperature by mercury thermometer was monitored at the time of admission and after every 6 hours for 3 days. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 [SPSS Inc., IL, Chicago, USA]
Results: A total of 106 patients of ischemic stroke were included. The mean age of enrolled participants was 60.1 +/- 9.5 years. Among these, 61 [57.5%] were males and 45 [42.5%] females. Among all patients, 51.9% presented with loss of consciousness, 30.2% with slurred speech, 77.4% with limb weakness, and 9.4% with decrease vision. A total of 17 [16%] patients with ischemic stroke developed hyperthermia. When the prevalence of hyperthermia was stratified according to age, among patients of < 60 years of age, 26% developed hyperthermia compared to 7.1% in patients of > 60 years of age [p=0.008]. On gender stratification, among male patients, 14.8% developed hyperthermia compared to 17.8% in female patients [p=0.43]
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that the frequency of hyperthermia in ischemic stroke was 16% and it should be looked for as it has significant impact on the outcome. The hyperthermia was significantly more common in younger adults as compared to older adults. However, gender had no influence on the prevalence rate of hyperthermia
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Objective: To high light some epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results. Methods: Blood samples (n = 323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak. Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-time PCR, non structural protein-1 (NS1) antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA. Results: Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection, 304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter; 201 samples were positive by real-time PCR, 209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies. Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 ELISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection, IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset. Conclusions: The use of real-time PCR or detection of non structural protein NS1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.
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Objective: To assess the demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histological spectrum of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome [SRUS]
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Medical Unit-III, Civil Hospital Karachi [CHK] and Ward 7, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi, from January 2009 to June 2012
Methodology: Patients with SRUS, based on characteristic endoscopic and histological findings, were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they had other causes of the rectal lesions [neoplasm, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and trauma]. Endoscopically, lesions were divided on the basis of number [solitary or multiple] and appearance [ulcerative, polypoidal/nodular or erythematous mucosa]. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristics of subjects were evaluated
Results: Forty-four patients met the inclusion criteria; 21 [47.7%] were females and 23 [52.3%] were males with overall mean age of 33.73 +/- 13.28 years. Symptom-wise 41 [93.2%] had bleeding per rectum, 39 [88.6%] had mucous discharge, 34 [77.3%] had straining, 34 [77.3%] had constipation, 32 [72.7%] had tenesmus, 5 [11.4%] had rectal prolapse and 2 [4.5%] had fecal incontinence. Twelve [27.27%] patients presented with hemoglobin less 10 gm/dl, 27 [61.36%] with 10 - 12 gm/dl and 05 [11.36%] subjects had hemoglobin more than 12 gm/dl. Endoscopically, 26 [59.1%] patients had mucosal ulceration, 11 [25.0%] had mucosal ulceration with polypoid characteristics; while only polypoid features were found in 7 [15.9%] subjects
Conclusion: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome affects adults of both genders with diverse clinical presentation and nonspecific endoscopic features
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To determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted in Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi from 1[st] January 2012 to 31[st] December 2012. One hundred and nineteen patients attending the medicalOPD Dow University of Health Sciences were included in study. 119 patients were enrolled in study .47.1% were male and 52.9% were female patients mean age was 55.75 +/- 7.85 years, Mean HbA1[c] value was 8.02 +/- 1.46%, Subclinical hypothyroidism was identified in 26.9% the patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the patients suffering from type 2 diabetics
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Retinopathy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Glycated HemoglobinABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of Pott's disease in patients of paraparesis presenting to medical wards of Civil Hospital Karachi. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in all Medical Wards of Civil Hospital, Karachi, from 1[st] January 2012 to 31 Dec 2012. A total of 133 patients of spastic paraparesis and meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. Inquiry was carried out regarding age, gender, presenting complaints, duration of illness, past history of TB and site of involvement of spine. Diagnosis of Pott's diasease was made on Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] findings of soft tissue edema, disc space narrowing, paraspinal mass or vertebral collapse. Out of 133 patients, mean age was 47.7 [ +/- 15.6] years with male: Female = 1.6: 1. Out of 133 patients of spastic paraparesis, Pott's disease was diagnosed in 53 [39.8%] cases. Frequency of pott's disease was high in male [M: F = 2.1: 1], 36 [43.9%]. Average age of patients with pott's disease was 49 +/- 13.2 years [Min - Max = 22 - 80 years]. In this study Pott's disease was diagnosed in 39.8% patients of spastic paraparesis. Frequency of pott's disease was high in male gender and older [Age: 31 - 50 years] patients
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To assess the effectiveness of Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test in the diagnosis of Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis. Descriptive Observational. This study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre during the period of three years from 2010 to 2013. A total 129 cases, both out patients as well as inpatients, who were diagnosed as a case of Myasthenia Gravis clinically and by other investigations including, Edrophonium Test, Chest Radiology, and Acetylcholine Receptor antibodies were studied. Out of 129 cases, of Myasthenia Gravis, who were admitted or came in outpatient department, 55 subjects are male. On Repetitive Nerve Stimulation study at 3Hz, significant decrement was found in trapezius in 16 [88%] patients who are Seronegative and in 90 [81%] seropositive patients. Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test is a promising tool in the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis and should be a part of investigations used to diagnose this neuromuscular junction disorder especially in Seronegative cases, for confirming the diagnosis
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To assess the Vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed as fibromyalgia in patients attending Dow University Hospital Karachi. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at Dow University Hospital, Karachi from 21[st] January 2013 to 30[th] December 2013. 83 patients were selected from the outpatient department of medicine OPD. among 83 patients who were enrolled in the study 60 [72.71%] were male and 23were [27.71] were females ages were between 7 and 70 years, the vitamin D levels ranged between 2 and 58with mean vitamin D level found to be 12,58 which is counted as moderate deficiency. 83 patients with fibromyalgia were included in study. Among them who were enrolled in the study 60 [72.28%] were male and 23 [27.71%] were females .The subjects included in study age between 17 and 70 with mean age of 39.69 years. The fibromyalgia was gauged on clinical assessment. Vitamin D levels were classified. Vitamin D levels ranged between 2 and 58 with mean 12.58. As objective of study to assess vit D levels in diagnosed fibromyalgia patients in our population it was found that relationship between two parameters in significant. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently diagnosed in patients with fibromyalgia and nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in study population
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To compare the radiologic patterns in HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with non-HIV positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. Descriptive study. The study is a carried out in the Department of Medicine at Dow University Hospital from July, 2010 to July, 2011. The admission records of 54 HIV-positive patients were analyzed. A total of 30 patients out of 54 presented with pulmonary symptoms, which were further evaluated by sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli and chest radiographs. These 30 patients were compared with 30 non-HIV, smear positive for acid-fast bacilli patients. Out of 30 HIV seropositive patients, 29 were male and 1 was female with the mean age +/- SD 33.9 +/- 95 years. Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 10 patients [33.3 %]. Frequent radiographic patterns included normal 12[40%] and apical infiltrates 5[16.6%]. Cavitatory lesion was observed in 1 patient. Dominant symptoms were weight loss 29[93.3%] and fever 24[80%]. Out of the 30 non-HIV seropositive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 20 were male and 10 were female of mean age +/- SD 33.9 +/- 95 years. Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 30 patients [100%]. Frequent radiographic patterns were apical cavitations 12[40%], apical infiltrates 5 [16.6%], bronchopneumonia 6[20%], interstitial infection3 [10%].Dominant symptoms were weight loss 29[93.3%] and fever 24[80%]. Majority of HIV seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were male. Common radiographic patterns were normal radiographs and apical infiltrates. Atypical radiographic presentation is particularly related in advance stages of immunosuppresion. Cavitatory lesions and pleural effusion were rare findings. Non HIV seropositive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were both male and female. Common radiographic patterns were apical cavitatory lesions, bronchopneumonia, interstitial infiltrations and pleural effusion. This radiographic presentation is particularly related to delayed hypersensitivity reaction
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The study was conducted to find out the various etiological organisms in septicemia and their sensitivity to different antimicrobial drugs. Observational study. This study was conducted in Medical units of Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2010 to December 2010. A total of 90 patients between the ages of 15 years to 80 years, irrespective of gender with septicemia were included in this study. Total number of patients was 90. There were 47 [52%] male and 43 [48%] were female. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were the most common organisms isolates in 26% cases. Regarding the sensitivity pattern of bacteria to different antimicrobial drugs, the results showed that Staph. Aureus had good sensitivity to Augmentin, Imipenem and Tazobactum and marked resistance to Ciprofloxacin. No MRSA was isolated in the study. Salmonella Typhi showed good sensitivity to Quinolones and Ceftriaxone and marked resistance to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimaxazole and amoxicillin [Table 4]. Klebsiella showed good sensitivity to Amikacin, Ceftriaxone, Imepenem and marked resistance to Ampicillin and Carbencillin, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa had good sensitivity to Tazobactum, Amikacin and Ceftriaxone. Septicemia is a major cause of death worldwide and the random use of antibiotics has considerably increased the resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Blood culture should be sent immediately to know the spectrum of microorganisms, and their sensitivity pattern, however this may not delay the empirical use of antibiotics to hasten recovery
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To determine the frequency of proteinuria in HIV positive patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Cross-sectional. This study was carried out in lnfectious diseases wards and all medical wards of Civil Hospital Karachi, from Jan 201 1 to the Dec 2011. A total of 170 patients from infection diseases wards and all medical wards of Civil Hospital Karachi. Age more >12 years of either sex who were newly diagnosed cases of HIV based on positive HIV serology by ELlSA and Western blot in infection diseases ward were included. Patients having known kidney disease. urinary tract infection, serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dI, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and old diagnosed cases of HIV who have already taken or who are taking HIV infection treatment were excluded from this study. Spot urinary sample was taken to measure the proteinuria by urine dipstick. To minimize bias all specimen sent to same laboratory of the hospital. 170 newly diagnosed cases of HIV were included in this study. Gender distribution showed male preponderance [Male: Female = 6.4:1]. Majority of cases 120 [70.6%] had age between 26 - 50 years. Mean age of women was 30.3 +/- 7.4 years [min - max = 18 - 45 years] and for males was 34.3 +/- 9.6 years [min - max = 15 - 56 years]. Out of 170 HIV positive cases frequency of > 1+ protein in urine on urine dipstick analysis was found in 27 [15.9%] cases. Out 27 cases, 16 [59.3%] cases had age between 26-50 years [mean +/- SD =32 +/- 10.1 years, min - max = 18 - 55 years]. Proteinuria was high in increasing age groups. Proportion of proteinuria was high in married and depressed patients, out of 27 cases, 18 [66.7%] were married and 9 [33.3%] unmarried, Frequency of proteinurta was high in labor class, 11 of 27 [40.7%] were labors followed by house wife 6[22.3%], while 5 [18.5%] were private job holder. ln this study I found a high prevalence of proteinuria in HIV positive patients. Such subjects show male preponderance disiribution. We conclude that HIV positive patients should be screened for proteinuria and if they found to have proteinuria, they should be subjected to appropriate treatment to retard the progression of nephropathy and associated complications.
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To determine the response of one-year interferon-alpha therapy in hepatitis delta virus [HDV] infection in children and young adults at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. An observational study. Sarwar Zuberi Liver Centre [SZLC], Medical Unit IV, Civil Hospital, Karachi / Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], from June 2009 to July 2010. Paediatric patients [< 18 years age] and young adults [18-35 years] presenting were screened for hepatitis B virus [HBV] and HDV sero-markers. HDV anti-body positive by ELISA were further screened for hepatitis D ribonucleic acid [HDV-RNA] by real time PCR. HDV RNA PCR positive patients were treated with INF- alpha [children 6 MIU/m2/day and adults 5 MIU/day] for a period of one year. Patients were assessed monthly. Haematological parameters and ALT were monitored during treatment. Clinical progress [side effects] and negative HDV RNA were used as response criteria. Overall 49 patients were HDV RNA positive [children: n=15, mean age 15 +/- 2.92 years adults: n=34, mean age 27 +/- 4 years]. Eighty percent were male. Treatment was given to 25 patients [children: n=11, adults: n=14]. HBV genotype D was the predominant in all HDV RNA positive patients [73%]. Eighty percent [20/25] were HDV-RNA negative after one year of treatment, and remaining patients are still under treatment. Side effects were tolerated well and children continued regular activity. Haematological parameters were unremarkable. Children maintained their pre-treatment centile for height and weight [growth parameters]. ALT levels were significantly decreased post-treatment. Conventional INF- was safe in children with HDV infection in terms of side effects and growth parameters. Eighty percent were HDV-RNA negative one year after treatment. Further follow-up 2 years post-treatment will give conclusive results
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis D, Chronic/drug therapy , Child , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult , Hepatitis Delta VirusABSTRACT
To compare the side effects, cost, end treatment response [ETR] and Sustained viral response [SVR] with combination therapy of either interferon alpha 2a or 2b in combination with Ribavarin. Randomized Control Clinical Trial [RCCT]. The study was conducted at Sarwar Zuberi Liver Centre [SZLC], Civil Hospital Karachi [CHK], from May 2004 to July 2009. Patients positive for qualitative HCV ribonucleic acid [RNA] by Polymerase chain reaction [PCA] and genotype 3 were included. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis, severe depressive illness, autoimmune hepatitis, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, children less than three years and patients who had previously received treatment were excluded. Single blind randomization using computerized randomization list was done and patients divided into groups A and B, those requiring treatment were given injection Interferon 3 million units [MU] subcutaneously [SC] three times/week and Ribavarin 1000 mg per day [weight 75kg] orally with either interferon alpha 2a [group A; FDA approved products] or alpha 2b [group B; non FDA approved product]. Demographics, side effects, ETR and SVR were noted. ETR was defined as absence of virus at the end of treatment and SVR was taken as absence of HCV RNA at 6 months after completion of treatment. There were a total 310 patients with mean age of 34.07 +/- 9.38 years including 52.4% males, [n=162]. Majority of the patients were from North Pakistan. There were 155 patients each in group A and group B respectively. The cost of treatment for interferon alpha for a single patient for 6 months was Rs 60,000, while for Interferon alpha 2b was Rs 30,000. Side effects [fever initially, followed by fatigue, headache, musculoskeletal pain, depression, alopecia, insomnia, and anorexia] were more prominent in group B when compared with group A. In group A, ETR was 83.8% [130/155] while in group B was 83.2% [129/155]. While SVR available in group A was 61/70 [87.1%] and in group B was 60/72 [83.3%]. Response to combination therapy for HCV was 83%. ETR and SVR were similar for both interferon alpha 2a and 2b. Side effects though minor are more with alpha 2b [non FDA approved products]
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon alpha-2/adverse effects , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon alpha-2/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Technical issues and techniques are very important while measuring the Blood Pressure. It has been recommended that blood pressure should be measured on bare arm. In Pakistani society especially in females, this procedure becomes difficult to practice due to social and cultural issues. This study is carried out to check that measuring the Blood Pressure with cuff placed over the sleeve or without sleeve [bare arm] makes any difference
Method: two hundred subjects admitted in Civil Hospital Karachi, attending the OPD of CHK and their attendants were examined under standard conditions and Blood Pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. Three readings were recorded first with cuff placed over sleeves and with cuff placed on bare arm. Mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with and without sleeve were analysis on SPSS Version 11.5
Result: difference in means of systolic blood pressure between clothed and unclothed arm was 0.94 mmHg with a standard deviation of 4.32 and difference of means of diastolic blood pressure for the same was 0.58 mmHg with a standard deviation of 3.80. This was clinically insignificant
Conclusion: the difference found in blood pressure with and without sleeve was not significant clinically
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Objective: To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] in hypertensive patients
Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place: Civil Hospital Karachi
Sample Size: Eighty patients
Duration: July 2001 to July 2002
Patients and Methods: All the hypertensive patients above 30 years of age of both sexes were included in this study. A detailed relevant history, physical examination including BP was carried out and all the base line investigations and Glucose Tolerance Test [GTT] were performed. Data of each patient were entered on a separate perfoma
Results: Eighty hypertensive patients were studied, out of these 46 [57.5%] were females and 34 [42.5%] were males. The ages of patients were between 32-80 years, mean age + SD was 55.725 + 13.364. The maximum patients were in 41-60 years of age [56.25%]. Results of this study showing that the frequency of IGT was 46.2%, prevalence of impaired fasting glucose [IFG] was 8.7% and prevalence of diabetes was 5% in these hypertensive patients
Conclusion: It is concluded hat impaired glucose tolerance is related to hypertension and other clinical and metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia and family history of DM and positive history of intake of diabetogenic antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics and beta-blockers. Hypertensive patients should be screened for glucose tolerance by OGTT on mass level for the prevention of diabetes. It is an easy and cost effective approach